New York City: Alfred a. Knopf
Other early online animators like M. Wartella opted to use the Animated GIF to overcome these limitations and create early web-based animation viewable through all browsers. While some animators like Spümcø's John K. opted to use Flash, it still required a plug-in making it unviewable in many early web browsers. Alternative comics artist turned animator Dash Shaw's Cryptozoo (2021) enjoyed critical success at the Sundance Film Festival to the point of winning the NEXT Innovator Award while it was also nominated for the John Cassavetes Award at the Independent Spirit Awards a year afterwards. While browsing the East Side Book Store on St. Mark's Place, Bakshi came across a copy of R. Crumb's Fritz the Cat. Ralph Bakshi became the first person in the animation industry since Walt Disney to have two financially successful films released back-to-back. Unfiltered: The Complete Ralph Bakshi. In 1969, Ralph's Spot was founded as a division of Bakshi Productions to produce commercials for Coca-Cola and Max, the 2000-Year-Old Mouse, a series of educational shorts paid for by Encyclopædia Britannica. Both shorts garnered enough support to be turned into full-length TV series, airing on Nicktoons Network and Big TV, respectively. It is an example of an animated web series to transition between Internet and television distribution successfully, as an animated series on Cartoon Network.
Recent independent animations released on YouTube include the adult animated web series Helluva Boss, and pilots for Hazbin Hotel and Long Gone Gulch. The term independent animation refers to animated shorts and feature films produced outside a major national animation industry. Another major contributor to independent animation in Britain was Channel 4, which gained an international reputation as one of the most adventurous broadcasters of animation featuring works from Joanna Quinn (Girls' Night Out), Paul Barry (The Sandman), Mark Baker (The Village) and former National Film Board of Canada animator Paul Driessen (3 Misses). One of the earliest feature-length animated films was The Adventures of Prince Achmed, made in 1926 by Lotte Reiniger, a German artist who made silhouette animation using intricate cut-out figures and back-lighting. A good portion of the work is viewed in animation festivals and private screen rooms along with schools that produce animation through instruction. PES have also made work outside of the studio system. Impressed by Crumb's sharp satire, Bakshi purchased the book and suggested to Krantz that it would work as a film. However, Krantz told Bakshi that studio executives would be unwilling to fund the film because of its content and Bakshi's lack of film experience.
However, Bakshi was uninterested in the kind of animation he was producing, and wanted to produce something personal. Bakshi then simultaneously directed a number of animated films, starting with Heavy Traffic a year later. Bakshi soon developed Heavy Traffic, a tale of inner-city street life. The Annoying Orange, which started off as a series of viral quasi-CGI animated comedy shorts on YouTube, quickly gained a cult following and an excess of 100 million views online. Continued success for independent animation occurred in the 2000s with animated shorts such as Making Fiends. In 1959, the first independent animated film to win an Oscar with John Hubley's Moonbird which was also produced by wife and collaborator Faith Hubley using limited animation to tell their own personal stories. The significance of independent animation is as important as studio fare. In the late 1990s, an independent animated short film called The Spirit of Christmas was produced for under $2,000 by two artists, Matt Stone and Trey Parker. Fritz the Cat (1972) was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the MPAA, and the highest grossing independent animated film of all time. This film was widely distributed on the Internet as a pirated cartoon, and its phenomenal popularity gave rise to the popular television animated series South Park. This was generat ed with the help of GSA Conte nt G ener ator DEMO.
Independently produced Internet cartoons flourished as the popularity of the Web grew, and a number of strange, often hilarious short cartoons were produced for the Web. Personal computer power increased to the point where it was possible for a single person to produce an animated cartoon on a home computer, using software such as Flash, and distribute these short films over the World Wide Web. Adam Beckett, Lillian Schwartz, Larry Cuba and George Griffin also made experimental and personal animation during the mid- to late 1970s through the early- to mid-1980s. Stan Vanderbeek made experimental animation during this time. He also paid his employees a higher salary than any other studio at that time. Field, Matthew (December 5, 2019). "'Hazbin Hotel' a bold step in indie animation". Long, Brent; Tangcay, Jazz (December 14, 2021). "Indie Spirit Awards 2022: Full List of Nominations". Kōji Yamamura, Yoji Kuri and Kihachiro Kawamoto have been prominently acclaimed Japanese independent animators known for their artistic qualities.
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